高脂血症的营养治疗

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高脂血症的营养治疗

   “ 营养治疗”是注册营养师的主要工作范畴，当中包括(一)详细了解及分析病人的营养状况、健康状况及饮食习惯(二)找出致病的原因(三)就个别病人所需而设计餐单(四)提出建议，当中除了饮食上的建议，还包括运动及行为改善(五)订下目标及跟进。一般饮食治疗大概需要一至三个月时间，适用的疾病除了高胆固醇外，还包括糖尿病、痛风症、肾病、高血压、肥胖症等慢性疾病。

营养师还需要在确保病人能改善病况的同时，兼顾各种营养素，以免 “顾此失彼”。比如一个患高胆固醇的人，如果只顾“戒口”，戒吃红肉，而忽略了补充铁质的话，血色素便会受到影响，贫血问题便会产生。

具体讲解如下：
1.高脂血症患者应严格控制胆固醇摄入，每日胆固醇摄入量控制在200毫克以下。

2.严格控制脂肪摄入尤其限制动物性脂肪，适当增加植物油。

3.除非并有肥胖，否则总能量和碳水化合物可不必限制，蛋白质的摄入量也不必限制。但应注意，简单碳水化合物，主要是单糖和双糖，可使血清甘油三脂含量增高；而复杂的碳水化合物，则影响不大。动物性蛋白质会增加血胆固醇含量及冠心病发病率；而植物性蛋白质则会降低血胆固醇含量。豆类制品以及大豆蛋白具有显著降低血胆固醇作用。一般主张动物性蛋白质不宜超过总蛋白质的50%。

4.多摄取富含膳食纤维的植物性食物。食物选择原则：富含膳食纤维的蔬菜（如芹菜、韭菜、油菜）粗粮等；富含不饱和脂肪酸的深海鱼类；奶与奶制品、豆类及其制品；植物油；洋葱、木耳、大蒜、香菇等。忌（少）用食物为动物性油脂（鱼油除外）；胆固醇含量高的动物内脏、脑、蛋黄、鱼子、蟹子、蛤贝类等。

5.建议根据血脂血糖等情况来制定调理方案，如果血压是稍有点高，建议先通过低脂低盐饮食，情绪精神调摄，并养成良好的饮食生活习惯等等，大部分可以得到有效的缓解。否则，就需要考虑服药调理。现在科学发达，专门为高血脂人研发的古方塔罗茶，降脂作用都非常好。据了解这种茶不仅可以更好的降血脂，还能清除体内自由基，缓解血脂等问题。

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